Numerical analysis of the potential for mixed thermal convection in the Buda Thermal Karst, Hungary

Buda Thermal Karst system, Hungary. The pilot area has high geothermal potential characterized by prominent thermal anomalies, such as springs and spas which tap the Triassic carbonate aquifers. Therefore, numerical simulations were carried out to examine temperature field flow pattern considering three successive heat transport mechanisms: conduction, forced mixed convection in order highlight role of different driving forces groundwater Karst. Compared topography-driven advection increases surface flux. superimposed effect free facilitates formation time-dependent from deep layers. Nusselt number varied between Nu = 1.56 5.25, while recharge rate (R) ranged R 178 mm/yr 250 mm/yr. Radiogenic production hydraulically conductive faults have only a minor influence on basin-scale pattern. Boundary conditions prescribed pressure can considerably affect results. In each scenario, independently model parameters, evolved both confined parts karstified carbonates system.